Just in Time Essay Example for Free

Just in Time Essay Students will respond to the following: †¢Discuss the pros and cons of a JIT relationship from a supplier’s point of view and a buyer’s point of view. The con of the JIT relationship is that problems would occur if the company has sudden breaks to service and the supply. This may lead to labor strikes, and then eventually a failed business. A pro of the JIT relationship would be saving cost by not having unnecessary inventories. Also another attribute is flexibility, allowing the company to answer. †¢Analyze the short-term and long-term consequences that could come from implementing this JIT relationship. The short-term consequence of implementing JIT would be the cost that ties into the culture evolving, training staff on problem solving. The long-term consequence of JIT is improving the quality of the product along with the delivery of it. Once customers realize the proficiency of the company with its product that leads to a chance of a larger profit. †¢Discuss what factors Dixon and DS should consider before making a decision on this relationship. In regards to factors that Dixon and DS should consider before making a decision is: 1.Improved Quality- measuring the quality of service, timeliness, service consistency and courtesy. 2.Utilizing Multifunction Workers – Assist with improving quality and customer service. 3.Reduced Turn Around time – The competition is steady among companies that provide services, so a company that uses JIT concepts reduces the turnaround time and increase their speed.

Benefits of Sport for Physically Disabled

Benefits of Sport for Physically Disabled Introduction This report investigates the significant benefits of recreation for people with physical disabilities. Two beneficial activities will be suggested. It will examine the contemporary issues associated with the group regarding participation in sport. Moreover outline the barriers to participation for people with physical disabilities and how these may be overcome. There are many barriers that can affect participation in sport. These can be intrinsic factors such as fear and anxiety. This could be based on low acceptance and expectations of performance. The individual may be influenced by the idea of being judged. Extrinsic factors can also be an issue; these can include the cost of attendance for the activities or venues. Public Transport may not be adequate or cost effective. Unqualified or inexperienced instructors can limit the experience for the individual therefore limit the desire for the individual to attend recreation activities. (Donald 2014) The National Disability Authority of Ireland (NDA) carried out a study on the importance of recreation, fitness and sport among people with disabilities. The purpose was to discuss their personal experiences whether good or bad and if they experienced any barriers for participation. This was an ideal way of getting first hand information which gave way for suggestions and preferences regarding participation. The findings from the study were startling due to the barriers and over all experience of recreation for the participants. (Murphy Carbone 2008). There was a variety of participants within different age groups, circumstance, disabilities and experiences in physical activities. Although the participants had good and bad experiences they stressed the importance of participation in recreation, sports and leisure and recommended proposals to overcome barriers. (Murphy Carbone 2008). Barriers to participation in Ireland In responsive to the survey, the Barriers that people experienced to participation in Ireland were the lack of information about the importance of fitness. There is insufficient transport for people especially in rural areas. Inadequate facilities within the community i.e. play grounds. Unpleasant experiences in schools and low expectations from teachers and peers were deemed critical. There is a lack of experienced facilitators, coaching and sponsorship within the community. Furthermore there is a lack of physical sports for people with disabilities in the media and poor PE provisions in schools were also substantial factors. (Murphy Carbone 2008). To overcome barriers to participation The factors that emerged through the survey for the fundamental participation and momentous quality experience of people with disabilities were outlined as follows: Improving facilities within the community such as playground elements so all persons can thoroughly enjoy. Ensure equality is addressed by increasing regulations through clear targets provision of services and information about the importance of exercise. Train teachers/educators and coaches with inclusive activities for all capabilities and put more recourses into service development. To improve PE experiences in schools by adaptation and more enjoyable physical activities from an early age. (nda 2014 Chapter 3). Kosma (2005) suggested that only 12% of people with physical disabilities partake regularly in physical activities. These barriers are significantly adding to the draw back on involvement with sports within the community for this cohort. (Kosma, 2005) In contrast to Kosmas research, Ward (2003) conducted a study on people with physical disabilities in the East of Ireland in relation to their viewpoint on activities within day centres. The purpose of the study was to identify the effectiveness of activities within the centres. It comes at no surprise to establish that the primary reason for attending day centres are for social and recreation. Out of 105 participants, 67.3% suggested that they attend day centres for social and recreational purposes. 19% suggested education purposes, 6.4% suggested respite care, 5.8% suggested they attend the centres to increase or maintain their mobility and 1.3% suggested that they attend to increase independence. (Ward, 2003) Importance of recreation for people with physical disabilities There are significant benefits for the participation in sport, recreation and leisure. These are based on health, fitness, participation within the community, independence and good sense of self while fundamentally enhancing quality of life, (Shank, Coyle, Boyd Kinney 1996). Schalock (1990) as cited in Eath Walls (2010) defined quality of life as â€Å"the outcome of individuals meeting basic needs and fulfilling basic responsibilities in community settings (family recreational, school and work). Individuals who are able to meet needs and fulfil responsibilities in ways satisfactory to themselves and to significant others in community settings experience a high quality of life in those settings†. (D’Eath Walls 2010 paper 6). Murphy Carbone (2008) outlined that children with disabilities are more inclined to be at risk of obesity than the general population. This risk is associated with the lack of exercise due to internal or external challenges. These challenges may be, not believe in ones own ability or others not believing in ones own ability which hinders motivation. The outcome of lack of participation in recreation can lead to a greater risk of health conditions over their life span. The connection of enduring health complications and immobility are feelings of decreased self-esteem and social acceptance and in turn can develop social exclusion and dependence. To support this occurrence, Article 31 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, recognises the right of the child to rest and leisure, to engage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age of the child and to participate freely in cultural life and the arts. (NDA, 2005) The Irish National Childrens Strategy (2001) states that children will have access to play, sport, recreation and cultural activities to enrich their experience of childhood and that children with a disability will be entitled to the service they need to achieve their full potential. (NDA, 2005) Disabilities can range from mild, moderate, severe to profound, what ever the variability it is crucial for the individual or group to be given the opportunity to participate in recreation, Sports and leisure as it can give them a sense of belongingness. Sense of belonging can create the feeling of being part of a team, sense of achievement and social inclusion. Belonging is in the middle of Maslows (1968) hierarch of needs and is deemed more important than self-esteem and self-actualisation. (Baumeister Leary 1995), Exercise is key to good health and overall wellbeing. Rimmer et al, (2010) p. 250 defined â€Å"exercise â€Å"as â€Å"planned, structured, repetitive, and purposive in the sense that the improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness is the objective.† Art and drama stimulates thinking and through this operation learning and creativity can perform. Participating in Gardening can give a sense of independents and production. Dr Thinguri R, et al (2008) argued that Participation in activities is the context in which people form friendships, develop skills and competencies, express creativity, achieve mental and physical health, and determine meaning and purpose in life.† ( Dr Thinguri, et al 2008) Contemporary issues The findings from the Second Annual Report (2008) focused on the relationship between incomes and playing sport. It suggested that the recession had a great impact on participation of sport in Ireland. Active Participation in sports fell to 30.8% in 2008, from 32.9% in 2007 due to the lack of resources and funding. In light of this, Funding has been redirected to the focus of the Special Olympics as the economic crash has greatly affected fundraising. Special Olympics Irelandhas been dependant on funding from the government and the public. Due to the stretch of the budgets, between 2008 and 2013 there was a huge cut of 59% in Governmentfunding within the Republic of Ireland thus reaching out more to the public than ever before. Considering the economic status however can be challenge for the public to commit to such benevolent. (ESRI 2009) The range of activities and the adaptations made to facilitate individuals with physical disabilities. Basket ball is widely associated with the Special Olympics. This sport in particular has many benefits for the participant such that it provides opportunities for social interaction and gives way for self-expression. Furthermore it teaches self-discipline and skills that are beneficial for various activities. More importantly it increases level of fitness and health. (Special Olympics 2014) Basketball can be adapted for many people with physical disabilities, for example a person who is a wheel chair user can use the two hand chest pass when shooting, can travel with ball in lap for two pushes of the wheelchair. The person can only dribble twice and then must pass to team player, shoot or take two more pushes of wheelchair. Put all players in wheelchairs so all players are equal in game and make sure all players remain seated though the duration of the game. (Walter, 2008). Basketball can help individuals improve their muscle strength and stamina. It minimises the risk of coronary heart disease. Helps control joint swelling and pain associated with arthritis. It can help reduce blood pressure in some people with hypertension. Furthermore it can minimise the risk of diabetes and colon cancer. (CDC, 2014) Although basketball is beneficial is not cost effective. Transport and a venue can be very costly. Some People with disabilities have free travel but public transport may not be equipped with relevant facilities to meet the needs of individuals. To overcome this issue, there are initiatives in place to help with funding such as the Irish Sports Council (ISC). This initiative can help eliminate costs of private transport and with the use of disability cards, individuals can apply for inexpensive memberships in leisure centres. The Irish wheel chair association (I.W.A) is a non profit organisation who also recognises the important of recreation for people with physical disabilities. They aim to achieve participation in areas such as basket ball and swimming. Swimming is a significant source of fun in collaboration with exercise and can be adapted to the needs of individuals with disabilities. Such that those who have mobility issues and are wheel chair users can attend a facility with slopes if desired. This can help the individual to easily access the water without hoist assistance â€Å"if not necessary† thus empowering independence. Additionally Swimming is a magnificent cardiovascular activity with great benefits to health. By moving limbs inward and outward and by using a kicking motion can improve the functions of the muscles, lungs and circulation of the blood. (Healthy Alberta, 2014) Conclusion In conclusion to this report, the benefits of recreation, sport and leisure has emerged as being significantly important. Health, social and personal benefits are defined as equally important. Although there are many barriers that can affect the participation of people with physical disabilities, it is addressed as mandatory. Based on the literature, the suggestion is that individuals with disabilities want to participate in recreation. However, the level of participation is low for the reasons of barriers outlined. One would suggest that with such high numbers of participants desiring recreation, the standard of services is left un-measured.

The Dysfunctional Family in Brontë’s Wuthering Heights Essay -- Wuther

The Dysfunctional Family in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights Creating a haven from the cruel outside world, families ideally provide protection and support for each of their members. In Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights, however, bitterness grows between the Earnshaws and the Lintons. Within these two families, siblings rival for power and parents fail to fulfill their roles as caregivers. The intertwining relationships of the Earnshaws and the Lintons are marked by physical abuse, degradation, and emotional negligence. These reduce each of the family members’ life to a lonely and meaningless journey though the cold and misty moors. Unforgiving as the moors that surround them, the Earnshaws and the Lintons often resort to physical violence when interacting with one another. When Lockwood first visits the protagonist Heathcliff at Wuthering Heights, he tries to caress one of Heathcliff’s dogs but is met with angry snarls. Heathcliff, seeing this, kicks the dog and informs his visitor: â€Å"You’d better let the dog alone. She’s not accustomed to be spoiled – not kept for a pet†(12). Like Heathcliff’s dog, no one in the Earnshaw or the Linton family is accustomed to affection. Nelly, the servant who has worked for the Earnshaws and the Lintons for many years, is considered to be a part of these two families. She has grown so accustomed to her master Hindley Earnshaw’s physical violence that she is unfazed when he sticks a knife between her teeth. Hindley tries to use physical violence as a means of re-establishing his power within his household, for he has lost his stranglehold on it when he spiralled into depression over his wife Frances’ death. An alcoholic and a gambler, Hindley is unsuccessful in obtaining his son Hareton’s a... ...s purposes. When Edgar Linton marries his beloved Catherine, Heathcliff revenges on his adoptive brother-in-law by marrying Isabella so that he may inherit the family fortune. He is only playing a game of emotions though, for he does not love Isabella at all. As Isabella laments to Nelly of her husband Heathcliff: â€Å"I gave him my heart, and he took and pinched it to death, and flung it back to me† (168). Cruel and false, the Earnshaws and the Lintons wreck havoc with each other’s hearts. They abuse each other physically, degrade their children, and withhold affection. The family structure collapses as the spirit is crushed. These two families banish the warmth of love and care from their midst and embrace the coldness of the still, harsh moors between their two houses. WORK CITED Brontà «, Emily. Wuthering Heights. New York: New American Library, 1959. The Dysfunctional Family in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights Essay -- Wuther The Dysfunctional Family in Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights Creating a haven from the cruel outside world, families ideally provide protection and support for each of their members. In Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights, however, bitterness grows between the Earnshaws and the Lintons. Within these two families, siblings rival for power and parents fail to fulfill their roles as caregivers. The intertwining relationships of the Earnshaws and the Lintons are marked by physical abuse, degradation, and emotional negligence. These reduce each of the family members’ life to a lonely and meaningless journey though the cold and misty moors. Unforgiving as the moors that surround them, the Earnshaws and the Lintons often resort to physical violence when interacting with one another. When Lockwood first visits the protagonist Heathcliff at Wuthering Heights, he tries to caress one of Heathcliff’s dogs but is met with angry snarls. Heathcliff, seeing this, kicks the dog and informs his visitor: â€Å"You’d better let the dog alone. She’s not accustomed to be spoiled – not kept for a pet†(12). Like Heathcliff’s dog, no one in the Earnshaw or the Linton family is accustomed to affection. Nelly, the servant who has worked for the Earnshaws and the Lintons for many years, is considered to be a part of these two families. She has grown so accustomed to her master Hindley Earnshaw’s physical violence that she is unfazed when he sticks a knife between her teeth. Hindley tries to use physical violence as a means of re-establishing his power within his household, for he has lost his stranglehold on it when he spiralled into depression over his wife Frances’ death. An alcoholic and a gambler, Hindley is unsuccessful in obtaining his son Hareton’s a... ...s purposes. When Edgar Linton marries his beloved Catherine, Heathcliff revenges on his adoptive brother-in-law by marrying Isabella so that he may inherit the family fortune. He is only playing a game of emotions though, for he does not love Isabella at all. As Isabella laments to Nelly of her husband Heathcliff: â€Å"I gave him my heart, and he took and pinched it to death, and flung it back to me† (168). Cruel and false, the Earnshaws and the Lintons wreck havoc with each other’s hearts. They abuse each other physically, degrade their children, and withhold affection. The family structure collapses as the spirit is crushed. These two families banish the warmth of love and care from their midst and embrace the coldness of the still, harsh moors between their two houses. WORK CITED Brontà «, Emily. Wuthering Heights. New York: New American Library, 1959.

Sigmund Freuds Influence upon Salvador Dali Essay -- Art Analysis

The beginning of the twentieth century was a fascinating time for modern man. Artists, musicians, novelists, inventors, and scientists were reveling on new ways of experiencing life. The shadows of the past and the dawn of the new era opened the minds of many who relished constant change. Science and medicine were evolving, and one man in particular sought to expand knowledge and understanding. Sigmund Freud, the most renowned, thought provoking psychologist to have ever lived, opened an exciting chapter in the study of the mind. Without a doubt, Freud had influenced, and inspired artists searching for something new. The world of psychology and art were interweaving and promising a bold new path. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) studied medicine, science, and philosophy as an introduction to the study of the human mind. Freud desired to have a thorough understanding of the inner workings of the conscious and subconscious condition. It was noted, â€Å"Sigmund would become thoroughly absorbed in his research, so much so†¦he couldn’t stop wanting to study†. (Masson, The Life of Simund Freud) He graduated high school in 1873, and received a doctorate degree in 1881. Freud was enamored with all specialties of science, and conducted research and experiments with notable scientists of the late nineteenth century. Freud’s first foray into psychiatric medicine was in 1883 studying neuropathy. Soon afterwards, he studied hypnosis. Freud’s enthusiasm to decipher the mysteries within the mind was unmatched, and psychology was being rejuvenated. Known today as the founder of psychoanalysis, Freud wrote a monumental and highly criticized book, The Interpretation of Dreams. Started eight years prior to its publication in 1900, the study was part autob... ...was exponentially successful at painting the mind Freud intellectualized. Works Cited Bradbury, Kirsten. Essential Dali. Bath: Parragon, 2000. —. Essential Dali. Bath: Parragon, 2000. Freud, Sigmund. Beyond the Pleasure Principle. New York: Norton, 1989. Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff. "The Life of Sigmund Freud." Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams, The Illustrated Edition. New York: Sterling, 2010. 168. Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff. "The Life of Simund Freud." Freud, Sigmund. The Interpretation of Dreams, The Illustrated Edition. New York: Sterling, 2010. 65. Robert Descharnes, Gilles Neret. "Art of the 20th Century: Salvador Dali." n.d. A World History of Art. 21 4 2012 . Wood, Dr. Jonathan. "Introduction: The Essential Dali." Bradbury, Kirsten. The Essential Dali. Bath: Parragon, 2000. 11.

Definition of Citizen Essay examples -- Definition Essays

Definition of Citizen The context in which words are used may change in everyday conversation, but ultimately the foundation of the definition remains constant. The number one definition generally changes due to advancement in society. Consider the word "citizen." The meaning of the word citizen has changed since 1913, but the definition that is used today was also used back then. There are some commonalities between The Webster Dictionary, published in 1913 and The Oxford English Dictionary, as well as, The American Heritage College Dictionary. Each of the dictionaries all state that a citizen is an inhabitant of a city or a particular place and a person that has voting rights.   In these cases the definition of the word has not changed during the past eighty years. From these definitions, citizen is still used in the same fashion today as it was in the earlier 1900's. Although each of the dictionaries have similar primary definitions, there are differences in the secondary definitions. The most evident difference appears when The Webster Dictionary is compared to the ot...

My Career Plan

My Career Development Plan (1) 1. Introduction Career development, a major aspect of human development, is the process through which an individual’s work identity is formed. It spans one’s entire lifetime. Career development begins with a person’s earliest awareness of the ways in which peoples make a living, continues as they explore occupations and ultimately decides what career to pursue, prepares for it, applies for and gets a job and advance in it. It may, and probably will include, changing careers and jobs.In order to live successful and peaceful in the whole life, it is important to know where we are, what we want to be, and how to get there. Career development planning will force you to regularly perform a self-assessment on where you are now in your career, to assess the inborn job skills you enjoy using. Therefore, it is needed to set a plan for our own career development. Without a plan, we can’t achieve our goals. Career development is an ongo ing, lifelong process to help you learn and achieve more in your career.The career development plan shows where we should go (career planning) and how to get there (career management). Everyone has their own expectations, goals, and strong desires. In order to achieve our goals and strong desires, we have to make plan to get there; we have to organize the necessary resources such as knowledge, experiences, and skills; we have to lead ourselves; and we have to control whether we are going the right way or not. Since career development is ongoing, life-long process, we can change the way we go as per our career development plan.Hence, career development plan is very important engine for our career development. I have constructed my career development plan after learning four weeks of â€Å"International Career Development† course. I divided my career development as short term, mid-term, and long-term. This career development plan is vital role in my life because it reminds me w hat should I do and where should I go, and implementation of action steps towards my career goals. It directs the ways to go to my target, and energizes me to reach my goal. I can see my future clearly through my career development plan.It is certain that I can know the clear direction, I can choose the right way, and eventually I can reach my goal. The following picture shows my career development plan: 2. Discussion of My Career Vision * My Career Vision Statement I would like to discuss about my career vision statement. The career vision statement is our inspiration, and the framework for all of our strategy. Career vision statement tells what we want to achieve and, the goal and purpose of our plan. It gives us the direction and way of reaching our goals. My career vision guides me achieving my goals.My career vision statement is â€Å"Economic development through export promotion†. * My Significant Purpose of Career I will discuss about my significant purpose of career. I would like to contribute to the development of our country’s economy sharing my knowledge and experiences. â€Å"Management and Trade Analysis† job is the best way to fulfill my significant purpose, so having strong desire to become a Director General of Ministry of Commerce is my major goal in my life. In order to reach my major goal, I set â€Å"Mission Statement† as â€Å"One for All: upgrading myself , and motivation others through management and trade analysis†. My Main Career Goals I had a dream to become a Director General in Ministry of Commerce when I joined as an Assistant Manager in 2001. Becoming a Director General in Ministry of Commerce is my dream, my expectation, and my strong desire. Ministry of Commerce is my starting point of my career, and I realized that I have to upgrade myself in this government officer life. Even though I had a chance to choose another career, I have stuck the job that I like the most. I have been working for fiv e years as a Deputy Director at Ministry of commerce since 2007.I have not had my career development plan at that time although I want to become a Director General. However, I had a dream of studying in abroad because this exposure can help my future development. Yet, my dream comes true, and I am studying at IUJ. The knowledge that I learned from International Career Development class gives me the clear direction of my future. I can build my career development plan as short-term, mid-term, and long-term. I can see my future exactly, it is not imagination, and it is feasible. The following ladder shows my career development steps.Taking Director General and contribute the economic development of our country Taking Director General and contribute the economic development of our country Long-term Long-term Getting promotion as Deputy Director General and start own business Getting promotion as Deputy Director General and start own business Mid-term Mid-term Upgrading myself and to get promotion as a â€Å"Director† (preparation time) Upgrading myself and to get promotion as a â€Å"Director† (preparation time) Short-term Short-term * My Short Term Career Goals (3years)The time-frame for a short-term goal relates to its context in the overall time line that it is being applied to. For instance, one could measure a short-term goal for a month-long project in days; whereas one might measure a short-term goal for someone’s lifetime in months or in years. My short term career goal is upgrading my skills and knowledge for my next stage. By doing so, I intend to get a promotion as a â€Å"Director† of my same place. Building necessary skills and knowledge is very important in that stage. I will share my knowledge and experiences what I learned from IUJ to my department and colleagues.At the same time, I will improve my skills and experiences in order to get the next step. I need security and stability in that initial stage. Short-term goals are usually goals for the near future or are more tangible. My short-term targets should support my long-term objectives, so I should constantly compare them to make sure they line up. * My Mid-term Career Goals (5-7 years) My mid-term career goal is getting promotion and setting up a business in order to raise money for my second part of life. I will transfer to Overseas Trade Promotion department Ministry of Commerce as a â€Å"Director†, and I will continue my PhD program.When I finish my PhD, I can have a chance to promote â€Å"Deputy Director General position†. This is one of the mile stones for my significant career. Working at Overseas Trade Promotion department can give me many chances to go abroad, and attend the seminars and trainings in which will support me to get knowledge for my future successfully. My working place, Ministry of Commerce, is situated at, Nay Pyi Taw, the new capital city of Myanmar, and there are many government offices in that city. Cur rently, there is only two shopping mall and only 3D movie theatre, so I have not many places like Yangon, my former city, to spend my leisure time.Not only I can emphasize all of my times into my job but also I can manage my own business. It is certain that I can stay happily with my family, and I can spend my life doing the job that I like the most. * My Long-term Career Goals My long-term career goal is as a Director General of Department of Border Trade at Ministry of Commerce. This is the third part of my life, and also the end of my career goals. At the same time, I can stay happily with my family at Nay Pyi Taw that I like the most. In my mid-term career, I finished my PhD degree and I have settled my own business.It is probable that I can get promotion as Director General in my Ministry during at least 7 year period. As a Director General of Department of Border Trade, I have to manage the ongoing processes according to our ministry’s vision and mission as follows: * T o enhance bilateral friendship with neighboring countries; * To promote trade and keep it on the track of conventional trade; * To ensure the full realization of revenues to be levied by the state; * To provide favorable condition for private businessmen by which to earn reasonable benefit; * To help facilitate the flow of goods; Arranging staff development program, and * Attending seminars as ministry representative; In addition, Myanmar is not only being a member of ASEAN but an active participant in regional economic organizations such as the GMS, BIMSTEC and ACMECS. Since its geographic location strategically bridges the ASEAN and SAARC and also favours to trade with global giant China and India across borders, it’s not an exaggeration that Myanmar has become an economic hub in the region in terms of cross border and overseas trade.By using this prospect, we can promote our trade volume through border trade in yearly. Finally, this meets my significant purpose of career. * Relationship of My Career Goals with Significant Career Purpose My short-term, mid-term, and long-term career goals connect with each other, and it goes step by step. Reaching short-term goal forces achieving mid-term goal and it leads to get long-term goal. My career goals support my significant career as follows: * My short term goal as upgrading my skill and knowledge helps me having the necessary knowledge and skills.At the same time, I can share them to others, and it contributes to promote trade volume, and motivation of my colleagues as well as intend to get a promotion as a â€Å"Director† * My mid-term goal as getting promotion as a â€Å"Deputy Director General† and setting own business provides me to raise my budget. I can fill up the necessity of blank space and business knowledge for my future career development, and it helps me having required resources. It also supports both self-development and economic development. My long-term goal to become as a â €Å"Director General† gives me the task of managing and leading people. I can lead my organization and I can raise money as much as I can. I can get valuable skills and experiences such as leadership skill, managerial skills, and business skills. I can share all these skills and experiences to my colleagues and I can contribute to the development of our economy through border trade promotion. * My Personal Values * My Top Five Values: My Five Most Important Values (Core Values) Most Important Value Rank No. 1Personal developmentNext Most Important Value Rank No. 2 Achievement Next Most Important Value Rank No. 3Family happiness Next Most Important Value Rank No. 4Health Next Most Important Value Rank No. 5Wealth * The meaning of my top five values * My most important value is â€Å"Personal development† Personal development is the improvement of knowledge, health, and wealth. It includes building-up of knowledge, skills, experience, competency, and talent; improving bo th physical and mental health; raising money for steady life and for helping to others; and caring economic development. The second important value is â€Å"Achievement† It means the attainment of something that I want to have, for example, having a top position in my organization, rewarding, getting scholarship, accomplishing the academic goals, recognition and becoming wealthy person. * The third important value is â€Å"Family happiness† Family happiness means having happy and healthy family life. It includes sharing and receiving energy, encouragement, support, caring, affection, and happiness within family members both mentally and physically. * The fourth important value is â€Å"Health†Health means a state of being free from injury, sickness, and pain by physically and mentally. It contains feeling good mood, free from worrying, and free from depression and overconfidence. * The fifth important value is â€Å"Wealth† Wealth means possessing of valu able knowledge and abundance of financial resources such as possession of businesses, possession of materials, and having huge amount of money. The importance of my top five values * My most important value is â€Å"personal development† This value is important to me because I can’t reach my dream without personal development. My second important value is â€Å"Achievement† This value is important to me because it is the initial step for reaching my dream. * My third important value is â€Å"Family Happiness† This value is important to me because family can support whatever I wish and family shares both happiness and sadness. * My fourth important value is â€Å"Health† This value is important to me because my dreams will never become without good physical and mental health. * My fifth important value is â€Å"Wealth† This value is important to me because it is one important factor for supporting my dreams and happy life. These Values come f rom * Personal development comes from my own experiences in student life. Management is a noble profession and it cannot be performed well without personal development. In my student life, I had many teachers, and some teachers can bury their life in teaching; however, some cannot. I feel that if one has personal development, he or she can concentrate on his/her job. * Achievement comes from my own experience. This motivates me to go ahead and to reach the goal. Recognition from my boss gives me the energy to try to achieve my goal. Family happiness comes from my everyday life experience. Family happiness reflects the personal feeling and it energizes the work to be done. If we face family problem such as financial problem, social problem, and health problem, we cannot happy and it negatively affects our everyday life. * Health comes from the general truth. We cannot do anything if we are not feeling well. We have to spend lots of money to recover from illness, sickness, etc. * Weal th comes from the belief that wealthy people can do anything what they want.They can spend their money for education; they can start their business since they have strong financial condition; they can expand their businesses; they can make donation; they can visit everywhere; and they can use their money whatever they want etc. * My Values Structure The following figure shows my values structure. My core values are interconnected with each other and interdependent with each other. * Personal development should be done in order to get â€Å"Achievement†. * Family can support to get things done. * Without healthy, I can’t achieve my goals. Wealthy is an important factor for achieving my goals and it can solve not only some problems but also it can create almost everything of happy. Without money, I cannot motivate my work well, cannot start business as a result I cannot get a peaceful life. * The Result of POQ Pragmatic Value = 18 Intellectual Value = 19 Human Value = 23 According to POQ result, my most preferred value orientation is human value, which scores 23; the second preferred value is intellectual value, which scores 19; and my least preferred value is pragmatic value, which scores 18. Relationship between My Core Value and POQ Result Two of my five most important values, achievement and wealth, relate my most preferred value orientation, human value. Among my top ten values such as affection and helpfulness relate to my most preferred value orientation, human value. It means that I consider people whenever I make decision. It can be said that I like collectivism, friendship, and prefer to do the work collectively. In addition, my second preferred value, intellectual value, it can be said that I probably use cause and effect relationship whenever I make decision.As a head of department, a mentor, I have to lead and take care of all my colleagues like my family members as much as I can by my wisdom. If they are facing some problem, they canà ¢â‚¬â„¢t emphasize well in job and more aggressive to others than before which impact will becomes an organizational problems through personal conflicts in these department . * My Career Anchor According to Schein, there are eight categories of career anchors: Technical/Functional Competence; General Managerial Competence; Autonomy/Independence; Security/Stability; Entrepreneurial Creativity; Service/Dedication to a Cause; Pure Challenge; and Lifestyle.My career anchor(s) are Security/Stability, score of 5. 4; General Managerial Competence and Lifestyle, both score of 5. 2; and Service/Dedication to a Cause, a score of 4. 8 based on the result of the career orientations inventory questionnaire. * Relationship between My Career Anchor and My Core Values According to my own definition of my core values, my career anchors match with my core values. The top five core values are personal development, achievement, family happiness, health, and wealth. My highest career anchor is security/ stability, and my highest core value is personal development.In order to achieve my significant career goal, I need personal development, and Stability/Security is very important factor for supporting my personal development; I need job security, I need stable salary, and I need recognition from my organization for my further development. General Managerial competence matches with achievement of my core value. I want to become highest position in my organization and I want to lead my organization. This shows that my career anchor of general managerial competence forced me to have the core value of achievement.The other core values are family happiness and health, and my career anchor lifestyle reflects my core values. I want to take good care of personal matters such as healthy and family happiness. One of my core values is wealthy, and my aim is to serve community and society with my knowledge and experiences. In addition, I want to contribute to economic development by upgrading a nd caring my colleagues through leadership. Therefore, my career anchor sense of service, dedication to a cause somehow relates to my core value wealthy. * The Vivid Picture of My FutureThe best future job in my career is a Director General of Department of Border Trade at Ministry of Commerce. The estimated time is from 2020 to forwards. I see myself as * Director General at Director General of Department of Border Trade at Ministry of Commerce, taking responsibility of the departmental head, I have to lead for the development of trade volume and enhanced bilateral friendship with neighboring countries. * Representative of ministry of Commerce, and attending seminar, workshop, conference, and contributing to the development of economy. * Linkages Between My Personal Values and My Significant Purpose of Career Relationship between My Core Values and My Significant Purposes My significant purpose is contributing to the development of economic by sharing the knowledge and experiences that I learned before. In order to fulfill my purpose, I have to develop myself first, and then I can share it to others. My top five core values are interconnected with each other and closely relate with my significant purpose. * My first core value, personal development is one of the important factors for supporting my significant purpose. When I achieve personal development, I can provide others.Secondly, according to my own definition of achievement, if I have some degree and well leadership skills of achievement, I can accomplish the tasks to be done. I have more confidence and this motivates me to work out. This satisfaction makes me to build family happiness. If I have a happy family life, it gives me more energy and I can do my job happily. One of my core value, health is one important factor for successful in life. When we suffer from illness, sickness, and other mental and/or physical health problem, we cannot work effectively. We might feel depress, disappointed, and it c auses decrease productivity.My core value â€Å"Wealth† supports the last purpose of nurturing people who wants to improve their skill. If I am a wealthy person, I can establish scholarship foundation; I can provide financial supports to the voluntary organization; I can donate money for social development and human resource development program. The above discussion shows that my core values are closely related to my significant purposes. * Relationship between My Career Anchor and My Career Goals * My career anchors are Security/stability, General Managerial competence and lifestyle, and service/dedication to a cause.I am wonder that each of my career anchors is matched with my short-term, mid-term, and long-term goals. * As short-term goal, I want to upgrade myself and to get promotion as a â€Å"Director† at the same time, and this is preparation time for my future career. I want to continue my study and plan to finish PhD. I need a stable job and safety environment . This shows that my career anchor security/stability relates to my short-term goal. * My mid-term goal is getting promotion as a â€Å"Deputy Director General† and setting up my own business aiming at to raise money for retirement plan and to build happily family.At that time, I need recognition from others and want to have expert power and referent power. This means that my career anchor managerial competence and lifestyle reflect my mid-term goal. * My long term goal is to become a Director General by taking administration of ongoing process of trade promotion. The main purpose is to contribute to the development of economic through trade promotion and building relation within bordering countries. Furthermore, I want recognition and support from my superiors, and I want to contribute to the highest management position.This shows that my career anchor service/dedication to a cause closely match with my long-term career goal. * Relationship between My POQ and My Significant Purposes My most preferred POQ is human value, and the second preferred value is pragmatic value. This POQ results shows that I prefer achievement, wealth, and responsibility, and these are the supporting factors of my significant purpose. Moreover, the human value means caring people and developing human growth, and it reflects my purpose of contributing to the economic development.Since my significant purpose is contributing to the development of our economy by guiding my knowledge and experiences, it can be said that my preferred POQ, human value and pragmatic value, are highly correlated to my significant purpose. 3. Conclusion By reviewing the above discussions, it can be clearly seen that career development plan is an important framework for life long process. We can learn that if one makes his/her career plan, he/she can see the future and he/she wants to try to reach the goal according to their plan.If we do not have plan, we do not know where we are going to; we do not know how to get there; and we may lose motivation. If we can make our career development plan objectively, we can find the way; we can know whether we are going to the right direction or not; and we can control by ourselves. It is certain that the career development plan gives us the direction, the way and the means for our long life career goals. References Schein, Edgar H. Career Anchors: Discovering Your Real Values, revised edition, Jossey-Bass Pfeiffer, San Francisco.

Oil & Gas Management

Abstract The Gulf of Mexico incident is an occurrence that many people in the United Kingdom and Mexico, who were affected, would like to forget as it had immense environmental and economic impact to them. This paper is going to describe the extent to which the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico is considered to have led to a meaningful reform of the regulation of the offshore oil and gas industry on the UK continental shelf. These include well planning and control, environmental protection, emergency response, authority for stopping operations off, catastrophic BOP’s failure, the significance of simple checks, protection of the whistle-blowers, and a summary or conclusion of the described measures. Introduction An explosion took place on the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig on 20 April 2010 leading to the death of 11 workers. The region is in the Gulf of Mexico and was under contract to the British petroleum. It is still not yet known the extent of the damage that took place both on the environment and the communities around. Among the errors that led to the incident is the fact that the two pods of control on the BOP of the Deepwater Horizon showed that there was an error in a vital valve in one of the pods of control, and that the other pod of control did not have adequate charge on the batteries; it is believed that these faults were there during the time that the accident happened. There was at least a single working control pod needed to run the automatic mode function that would have helped in closing up the BOP. The automatic mode function should have taken place in an automatic manner, without being aided, when the hydraulic line together with the electric cables were destroyed in the explosion. The automatic mode function is a very important system of backup. This paper is going to describe extent to which the Deepwater Horizon disaster in the Gulf of Mexico is considered to have led to a meaningful reform of the regulation of the offshore oil and gas industry on the UK continental shelf. Well planning and control The reforms that were recommended by the panel included making sure that the Well Life Cycle Practices Forum remained in place permanently. It is also required that the professional, influential representatives from the HSE and the industry meet on a regular basis to decide, review and always improve values and standards for good practice in the well integrity as well as management of application in the UKCS. The Macondo blowout is taken into consideration by the standards and consists of operating practices, sufficiency and consistency of the safety vital equipment (particularly BOPs), testing and maintenance of hardware; proficiency and training of personnel; organizational and human features. They share these standards with the partners in the industry and international regulators and the organizations that set the standards. In consideration of the Macando, it was also required that the following are considered; Whether a change in the control of well standards it essential to ne cessitate at least two barricades to be in place (besides the BOP) during the moving of a well to a situation that is not balanced with the zone of production, and; Whether there is any change required to make the operators provide notice warning about each time a situation is arrived at where the BOP together with one other barricade to a release is attained. Protecting the Environment The DECC and the industry are required to work hand in hand for the purposes of developing and adopting improvements like: The concept of Environmental Assurance plan that possibly uses the Environmental Management System or the Environmental Statement as living equipment for engendering a concept of goal-setting to environmental policies intended to continuously improving, especially in relation to the low-frequency incidents that have high impact. The identification and cohesive treatment of the generic features of documents of environmental assurance to enable the devotion of more effort to some other more localized or particular areas of possible risk and impact, via more rigorous use of internet systems. The industry has also been challenged to take greater ownership of the available regulatory requirements of the environment, which include appraisal of the contractual arrangements for the preparation and keeping up-to-date the required documents making them into tools for drivi ng improvements in the environmental evaluation and protection. The regulator is also required to continue working with the industry so as to make identifications of the ways in which the available requirements of reporting, particularly about compliance to the environmental requirements, may be rationalized or even simplified. Additionally, there might be more that should be done to show the need for, and resultant value of the comprehensive environmental evaluations that is required of them, with a need and aim of offering increases scope for approaches that are innovative to the improvement of the standards of the environment. It has also been recommended that the documents of guidance that relate to the offshore environmental effect evaluation, regulatory activities and enforcement should be revised and reviewed on a regular basis, initially following the changes in the procedures that came up from the Macando and consequently taking into consideration any other applicable or re levant occurrences, for the reinforcement of the continuous culture improvement of the UKCS and ensuring that operators are well acquainted with the present requirements and expectations of environmental best practice. In addition, since the incident of the Deepwater Horizon, some other interim environmental regulation and inspection steps that have been taken by the United Kingdom include the increasing of the number of yearly environmental inspections to the drilling rigs, besides hiring three more inspectors. This consequently increased the total number of the inspectors of the drilling rigs to ten, and this includes one inspector who is senior. Considering the less widespread areas of responsibility of the DECC in comparison to the HSE, it together with its prototype agencies have all worked with fewer inspectors as compared with the HSE. The HSE has 114 professional inspectors, whereas the DECC has about ten inspectors. The onshore offices and offshore installations are visited by DECC inspectors for the inspection of the management systems and records. They also go there to interview individuals and appraise the conditions of the site, practices and standards. The increased number of the site inspectors is expected to enable the DECC raise the number of inspections on the environment done on the mobile drilling rigs across the country from an average of seven to at least 16 on yearly basis immediately. The Cabinet Secretary referred to the inspectors’ movement between the private and public sectors. This might render it very difficult for the recruitment and maintaining of inspectors that are highly qualified in the future. The offshore inspectorate of the DECC describe their strategy of environmental inspection as one that is risk-based. This means that of the rigs that are presently carrying out activities of drilling, nearly twenty four of them, which translates to about twenty percent are on gas reservoirs; however, the DECC argue that this in herently does not pose much risk to the environment in comparison with those that operate on oil reservoirs. Hence, this is taken into consideration, together with the site of the rig and the well’s nature, the DECC aims to inspect the rigs that carryout drilling activity on particular oil reservoirs. Responding to Emergencies Arrangements for giving response to the incidents of oil spilling that pose potential danger to the marine environment were established by the Oil Pollution Emergency Plans. The plans intend to prevent pollutions as such and minimize or decrease the effect that might come with it. The Oil Pollution Emergency Plans are risk evaluations that are applicable to a particular installation or field. Their focus is on the worse-case instance; as a result of the incident at the Gulf of Mexico, the United Kingdom operators are not expected to do extra modeling for the installations of deepwater, which include a more appraisal of the predictions of oil spill beaching. These plans are also appraised by the Maritime Coastguard Department and some other related consulters like the Maritime Management Agency and the related inshore statutory agency. Witnesses were asked about the way they had changed their ways of operation in the United Kingdom deepwaters since the occurrence in the Mexican Gulf. Some of them said that they do not believe they had basically changed in any manner. This was due to the strong regulatory era that was the Cullen’s legacy of inquiry into the incident of Piper Alpha. However, with regard to establishing any changes in regulation in reaction to the tragedy of the Deepwater Horizon, they were wary of making universal and global changes that might not be proper for them from incident to incident, the kernel of what is in the safety case era. There is a feeling that the industry appears to be reacting to incidences after they have occurred instead of having anticipations and making proper planning for the high-consequence events that are low in probability. It is beyond reasonable doubt that the industry and BP’s inability to respond because it was not prepared in a proper manner was not acceptable. The black swans’ occurrence appears to be more frequent nowadays. The United Kingdom has high regulatory standards of offshore, as sho wn by the Safety Case Regime, which was established in reaction to the 1998 Piper Alpha incident. The regulatory framework of the United Kingdom is on the basis of flexible and goal-getting approaches that are stronger than those that the Deepwater Horizon operated under. Despite the high standards of regulation in the United Kingdom, they are concerned that the industry of offshore gas and oil is giving a response to disasters instead of anticipation worst-instance cases and making proper planning for the high-aftermath, low-probability occurrences. Role of the Offshore Installations Manager We are informed from both the industry and the regulator that there were individual offshore installations that always have the power to shut down the well. Bridging documents were created between the systems of the owner of the rig and the operator systems of the well to ensure that issues like who has the final word or say are properly agreed before any operation is commenced. The HSE stated that there will normally be one individual who is actually responsible for matters safety on the rig, which is the Offshore Installations Manager, the contractor of drilling. There are huge financial implications of delaying the operations of drilling even just for very short periods. In the instance of the Deepwater Horizon, we find that the BP had the aim of drilling the Macondo well for a period of 51 days only, at about 96 million dollars. It was expected that the platform of drilling would be taking off as early as 8 March 2012; however, the Macando well unexpectedly took a longer period. By the 20th April, the day that there was the blowout, which killed eleven individuals, the rig was already late by 43 days, and this would have led to an extra cost of 21 million dollars in lease fees only. There is a danger that those who are responsible for making decisions to stop operations could feel economic pressure not to do so if was possible. Catastrophic BOP’s failure The last defense line against the Macondo incident was a device known as the ‘blind shear ram’, which is part of the BOP found on top of the wellhead, and more than a mile below the ocean floors’ surface. If the oil’s upward pressure and the gas that is in the reservoir became more than the heavy drilling fluid’s downward pressure, and all the other resources for controlling the well failed to operate, the two blades of the blind shear ram, were expected to slice through the pipe of the drill and then help in sealing the well. If the BOP had worded as expected, the whole incident would not have occurred and all the lives would not have been lost. Taking into account the single blind-shear ram’s failure to run the blowout preventer of the Deepwater Horizon, which appeared to be one of the major causes of the blowout of the well of Macondo, it was recommended that the Safety and Health Executive particularly review the case for prescription that the United Kingdom Continental Shelf’s blowout preventers are well equipped with the two blind shear ram. Whereas the flexibility of the safety regulation regime of the United Kingdom seemed to have performed properly, it was also been seen that for fail-safe devices like blowout preventer, the administration or the government has adopted minimum, strict standards of safety or show that these would not actually be an economical, last-resort against catastrophes. Importance of simple checks An appraisal of the two pods of control on the BOP of the Deep-water Horizon as a result of the incident showed that there was an error in a vital valve in one of the pods of control, and that the other pod of control did not have adequate charge on the batteries; it is believed that these faults were there during the time that the accident happened. There was at least a single working control pod needed to run the automatic mode function that would have helped in closing up the BOP. The automatic mode function should have taken place in an automatic manner, without being aided, when the hydraulic line together with the electric cables were destroyed in the explosion. The automatic mode function is a very important system of backup. It is of great concern that the simple failures of various systems were not identified during the process of inspection. As a consequence, a programme has been implemented across the global drilling operation to make sure that the equipment operates the w ay it is designed to do. Another thing that has been done to ensure that such preventable incidences do not repeat include fundamentally improving the testing procedures of the blowout preventers, which consists of making sure that the systems of backup work and are properly tested in the process of drilling a well. This is another instance of the industry giving a response to an accident instead of anticipating a possible problem, even though the new regime is highly welcome. It is believed that the authorities have to make sure that the offshore inspection regime of the United Kingdom could not be susceptible to simple faults like having a battery that does not have sufficient charge, to go without being noticed. Need to protect the whistle-blowers Owing to the immense economic pressure of keeping a drilling rig functional, it is of great concern to various stakeholders that the workers who attempt to talk about safety matters might be or even feel like they are intimidated by their seniors. The whistle-blowers are not in a position of calling a halt or bringing to a stop some things and the managers and clearly attempting to make money for the organization. Their primary responsibility is not protecting the environment. Some contradicting reports were found from the HSE regarding harassment and aggravation on the rigs as well as the industry’s assurances that honest whistleblowers will be given a hearing and protection. The government has also ensured that there are discussions with the unions and industry about the further actions that are required for the prevention of representatives of safety from feeling or being intimidated by their seniors such that they do not report a danger. Conclusion Following the fatal incidence that occurred in the Mexican Gulf, it is important that there is clarity on the hierarchy and identity of the liable stakeholders to make sure that the government, and thus the taxpayers, doe not need to pay for the outcomes of the offshore accidents. Any lack of hierarchy and clarity on the liability will hamper the compensation payment to those that are affected by the incident of the offshore. It is recommended that it needs to be a requirement of the process of licensing that it proves their capability to pay for the outcomes of any incident that could happen. It is recognized that these measures could actually be added to the cost of investment in the new United Kingdom gas and oil production and encourage the Treasury to consider this during incentives to investments as such. Bibliography A. Hopkins, ‘Risk-management and rule compliance: Decision-making in hazardous industries. Safety Science,’ (49, 110-120, 2011). B.P. 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Lindoe, ‘Risk on the ramble: The interntional transfer of risk and vulnerability.’ (Safety Science, 47, 743-755, 2009). Ocean Portal Team. Gulf Oil Spill. Retreieved on 21 Jan 2014 from http://ocean.si.edu/gulf-oil-spill P. Lindoe, & O.E. Olsen, ‘Conflicting Goals and mixed Roles in Risk Regulation: a case study of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate.’ (Journal of Risk Research, (12(3-4), 1-15, 2009). R. Steizor, Lessons from the North Sea: Should â€Å"Safety Cases† Come to America. (School of Law, University of Maryland, Paper no. 2011-3, 2011). P. Lindoe, O. A. Engen, & O.E. Olsen, ‘Reponses to accidents in different industrial sectors.’ (Safety Science, 49, 90-97, 2011).