Internee Report free essay sample

His guidance, advice and cooperation helped me to complete this report successfully. I would also like to express my heartiest appreciation and felicitation to all the Managers and officers of Credit and Investment Division, LankaBangla Finance Limited; Specially Mr. Rashedul Haque, Mr. Mohammad Shoaib, Mr. Md. Moniruzzaman, Mr. Abu Hasan Masud Mr. Sifat Choudhury, Mr. Parvez Alam, Mr. Md. Tareque Anower Bin Rashid, Mr. Junaid Murshid, Mr. Sabbir Islam, Mr Mustafizur Rahman, Mr. Shamsul Arefin, Mrs. Ruma for their excellent support, guidance and full cooperation extended to me during my Internship period. Last but not the least, I also acknowledge my family members and friends for their support and encouragement throughout my internship period and also while preparing this report. Executive Summary The report represents the three months working experience on the LankaBangla Finance Limited, Head Office, Safura Tower, 20, Kemal Ataturk Avenue, Dhaka.This report will present a study of the â€Å"Lease Financing Practice and Policy of LankaBangla Finance Limited†. We will write a custom essay sample on Internee Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The focal point of the study is to overview the whole activities of LBFL’s Lease Financing Services, to have idea about their policy regarding lease financing, to identify its strengths and weaknesses and to analyze its performance based on the available data. This report is divided into different parts. At first the background of the project, its significance, objectives and methodology along with the limitations encountered has been described.The next part carries the overview of LankaBangla Finance Limited including their Corporate Strategy and Policy, the services they provide, the functions of the â€Å"Credit and Investment Department† department, the performance analysis of LBFL’s â€Å"Lease Financing Practice† comparing to other Non bank financial institutions in Bangladesh. The report also provides some SWOT analysis on the services of LBFL. The report focuses on the over all operating policy and procedure of Lease operation of Credit and Investment Division It describes the whole lease financing cycle.

5 Points to Mind When Working on a Psychology Personal Statement

5 Points to Mind When Working on a Psychology Personal Statement 5 Points to Mind When Working on a Psychology Personal Statement Psychology is the study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting a person’s behavior. It is no surprise that most institutions that offer courses in the study of Psychology are looking in detail at which candidates to accept. Tertiary institutions are looking beyond the marks or grades of each applicant, they are looking for deeper insights as to whether the candidates accepted will excel in the study of psychology and make a material contribution to the profession. In this article, we will take a look at some of the unique aspects of the psychology personal statement. We will share with you some tips on how to structure your personal statement, the things that you should include, and some examples of the types of things that you may want to say in order to stand out from the rest of the candidates competing for the available positions. 1. Describe Why You Wish to Pursue a Career in Psychology It is helpful if you can articulate what draws you to a career in this field. Try and demonstrate an understanding of the profession, demonstrate that you know what is involved in being a psychologist. 2. Describe Why This Specific Course Appeals to You If you are competing against a lot of other candidates for a limited number of spaces, then you need to demonstrate to the assessors that you have researched the courses available, that you have selected their course for a specific reason, that you are confident that this course will give you the training you need to progress your career. 3. Describe Your Previous Academic Performance That Is Relevant to This Course This is an opportunity to not just talk about your grades or the marks that you have achieved in previous studies but also to demonstrate that this is a natural progression for your academic career. 4. Describe the Personal Skills and Experiences That Make You a Suitable Candidate for This Course Try and demonstrate that you have an emotional connection to the career that you are pursuing. You need to have a personal reason to want to study this course. What makes you want to be a psychologist? 5. Seek Feedback on Your Personal Statement Make sure that you get your personal statement professionally proofread, and that you also seem objective feedback regarding the quality of what you have written. Possibly, the most important thing to remember about your psychology personal statement writing is that it should be about you. While it is important to get advice and expertise on how to make your personal statement as compelling as possible, what you must not do is to try and copy a personal statement that someone else has written. Your personal statement has to be authentic, it has to feel like it has been written by a real person, a person who really wants to study psychology and enter the profession. With a bit of thought and efforts, you could soon be starting the psychology course that you aspire to.

Strategic Planning for Digital Marketing CommunicationsSummative Essay - 1

Strategic Planning for Digital Marketing CommunicationsSummative Assessment - Essay Example Moreover, the UK economy has also witnessed the presence of too many small, medium, and large food and drinks setups in last few years. This is mainly because of the fact that an average UK resident spends 11.3% of his income on food and drinks. There is no doubt that hotels and restaurants have been benefitted by the tourists and locals making way for the success but this has also resulted in the severe competition. Moreover, with 40% of the service tax on the total amount charged by the restaurants and hotels; there is a bit of burden on them in order to be competitive along with being ahead in the value creation process to strengthen the economy (Pesto, 2013). Business Challenges- Customer’s Point of View In last two years, an average UK customer has been spending more than 12% of his income on foods and drinks showing the interest level. However, with unemployment at an alarming high and reduction in the disposable income of people mainly because of the economic and busine ss situations; the overall spending of customers might plummet and thus causing concern for the restaurants and hotel (Pesto, 2013). Furthermore, hotels and restaurants have to pay service tax that is 40% of the total amount charged and in order pay service tax along with being profitable, it become important to concentrate on economies of scale. From customers’ point of view, it can be assumed that there are moderate concerns that may not affect the overall spending on food and drinks for a long period of time. Industry Challenges- Market Competition The hotel and restaurant industry has been affected by the rising inflation, low disposable income of consumers, and service tax structure. Moreover, there are a number of restaurants and hotels offering similar food items. Rollers Cafe is not the only cafe offering delicious Swiss rolls with an in-house open kitchen sharing the recipe with consumers. The chocolate cafe and Hames chocolate cafe are also offering different variet ies of chocolates to consumers. Thus, it can he assumed that the competition is quite high as consumers like to eat things that are different in taste and presentation. In order to attract customers, it is important to offer food items at an affordable and attractive price and in the case of Rollers, prices of food items start from ?2 and can be considered as quite impressive. The competition in the food industry can be mitigated by offering quality products and in the case of Rollers, it can be said that with utmost transparency and customer oriented approach; it has been successful to create a place for chocolate lovers. However, it may face challenges in coming years if lacking differentiation strategies (Kotler and Philip, 2012). Industry Challenges- Customer Perception There is no doubt that chocolates are loved by many and customers tend to buy chocolates for no reasons. At the same time, customers buy chocolates for gifting and other purposes (Adcock, et al, 2001). The percep tion of customers regarding chocolates is very hard to analyse and assess considering the fact that different customers have different preferences. Chocolates are considered as a source of delight and customers do not compromise with the quality. However, when chocolates are presented in a different manner and forms; they are preferred and liked by many (Lotz, 2007). Thus, it becomes important to switch to a product differentiation s

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY on William Faulkner Essay

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY on William Faulkner - Essay Example However, the book reached 489 pages manifesting the wealth of information told on the life and works of Faulkner. For readers who are genuinely interested to be apprised of the author’s biography, this book is a must read. Padgett, John B. â€Å"William Faulkner.† The Mississippi Writers Page. The University of Mississippi English Department. 2008. Web. 19 April 2011. Presented a discussion of William Faulkner in terms of providing information on his early years, his life as a failed poet, his being recognized through a Nobel laureate for literature, and finally being considered a statesman to the world. The information on the life and works of Faulkner were presented in a clearly structured format with related links and photographs taken of significant persons and events in the author’s life. More comprehensive in detailed information, the discourse provides crucial information on published works categorized as drama, fiction, non-fiction, poetry and scholarly e ditions. A list of selected bibliography is likewise available to interested readers who need additional information from a variety of scholarly sources. The information contained in this site and written by Padgett is a perfect source of verifiable information on Faulkner for readers who are immensely interested to dig deeper and learn from the life and works of the famous and highly awarded author. Petri Liukkonen, Petri and Pesonen, Ari. William (Cuthbert) Faulkner (1897-1962) - original surname until 1924 Falkner. 2008. Web. 19 April 2011. Proffered biographical details of the life of William Faulkner including educational background, work experiences and written works. Revealed some of Faulkner’s masterpieces in terms of identifying Absalom! Absalom! The Sound and the Fury (1929), stories created for screenplay and those that were made into film. A list of selected works concluded the discourse with some suggestions for further reading. The article is informative and eas y to comprehend with excerpts provided from various works of Faulkner. Readers could benefit from the details provided which encompassed information on his personal life and relationships, as well as concise description of relevant literary works. Porter, Carolyn. William Faulkner: Lives and Legacies. Oxford University Press. 2007. Print. Presents a concise biographical discourse on the life and works of William Faulkner with only four chapters starting from his youth and apprenticeship, parts one and two of his major years as a literary writer, and snopes and beyond. The famous works entitled As I Lay Dying, Sanctuary, & Light in August formed part one of Faulkner’s major years that significantly marked highlights of his remarkable career as a writer. The works such as Absalom, Absalom! and Go Down, Moses formed the second part of the author’s legendary life as a literary artist where Porter averred that â€Å"Faulkner pursued an often feverish process of increasingl y ambitious narrative experimentation, coupled with an equally ambitious thematic expansion, as he moved from a close-up study of the white nuclear family, both lower and upper class, to an epic vision of

Politics in China Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politics in China - Research Paper Example China’s Constitution had an article regarding the freedom of the press but due to the shortcomings in the structural system it was hardly implemented. The other parties of China were hardly allowed to voice their opinion. The only way to end this autocracy was the establishment of democracy (Han & Han, 1990, p.34). In the light of the above scenario this paper seeks to examine the Tiananmen Square protests and the government’s response. Further our aim would be to examine the reason for the survival of the Communist Party when its counterparts in Eastern Europe and Soviet Union were dismantling. In what ways were the 1989 protests in Tiananmen Square, and the Party/State’s response, a critical juncture? The output of China following the socialistic pattern of society was commendable but soon it had suffered the same fate as faced by many â€Å"mature socialistic† economies. Reduction in economic growth and consumption pattern resulted in a series of reform s since late 1978 which was a deviation from the traditional socialistic pattern. The crux of the new economic policy was based on private ownership, free play of market forces for allocation and determination of market prices (Harding, 1987, p.99-100). In the month of June 1989, many students had gathered peacefully to protest against the reforms which had taken place and they also wanted to voice their opinion for a more responsible government which safeguarded democracy. They also wanted to protest against the corruption that was there within the government. The essence of the protest was not to follow a democracy style like the US instead they wanted wealth and prosperity of the nation like their western counterparts. They had no intentions of overthrowing the PRC (Lusted, 2010, pp. 1-12). The response of the PRC to the peaceful protests was not only repressive in nature but there was an absolute violation of human rights (Brown, 2002, p. 94). The government had warned the prote sters of drastic actions to control the â€Å"social chaos†. True to their words army action was taken against the protesters and they were shot dead (1989: Massacre in Tiananmen Square, 1989). The Tiananmen Square massacre was etched in history not only for its harsh outcome but also for the fact that it had occurred at such a point of time when communism in two of its strongest base was losing its hold. The protest of 1989 was the first of its kind after 1949 and it was for the sake of reforms. The protests of the people showed their dissatisfaction with the existing government. Though the incident had occurred at this critical juncture, the response of the government was very stern. They used every possible measure to crush the uprising. Why did the Communist Party in China not fall in 1989 unlike the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe? The disintegration of communism started in Poland in mid 1989 and eventually it had spread to other East European countries. Finally, it ceas ed to exist in its place of origin, that is, Soviet Union by the end of 1991. The displacement of communism in Soviet Union did not have much bloodshed. However it is considered as one of the most important political event of the twentieth century (Zuzowski, 1998, p. 1). The poor performance of the Russian economy had prompted their leader Mikhail Gorbachev to initiate a series of reforms in different phases. Though his reforms were meant to bring about economic improvement but it

What Is Whistle Blowing Philosophy Essay

What Is Whistle Blowing Philosophy Essay Whistle-blowing is a disclosure by organization members of illegal, immoral or unethical practices under the control of their employer, to persons or organizations that may affect action. Immoral practices can be violation of law, violation of public interest such as fraud, violation of health/safety, corruption etc. the organizations that may affect this action can be media, public interest groups, enforcement agencies etc. TYPES OF WHISTLEBLOWING: Internal whistle-blowing: To report misconduct to a fellow employee or senior management within the company. External whistle-blowing: Report misconduct to outside entities or general public. ETHICAL ISSUES RELATED TO WHISTLE-BLOWING: The generally prevailing view of the whistleblower within business on the part of the management and colleagues is that this person is the traitor to the organization. (Richard DeGeorge) Employees have both moral and legal obligations to be loyal to their employees. (Beauchamp and Browie) Whistle-blowing is a conflicting matter in terms of employee loyalty. On one hand it may be seen as loyal and on another, disloyal. It is assumed that employees have a vow to protect the dealings of the organization. External whistle-blowing is wrong because an employee has a contractual duty to be loyal to corporation he is working in. Whereas Ronald Duska says: One does not have an obligation of loyalty to a company, even a prima facie one, because companies are not the kind of things that are properly objects of loyalty. This means it is impossible to associate loyalty with a company because it is an abstract entity. Because company does not have a mind of its own, instead, it is made up of people working towards the same goal. A whistle-blower is not disloyal in reality. We can make an argument that a whistle-blower shows greater loyalty as compared to the person who ignores any malpractices in the organization. Whistle-blowing is a brave act of conscience and a person who blows the whistle may carry heavy personal costs. One should do what is right, lost income can be replaced but lost self-esteem is difficult to retrieve. IS THERE A RIGHT TO BLOW THE WHISTLE? Nobody can answer whether blowing whistle is good or bad because the problem is that it has effects, good as well as bad. Sometimes whistle-blowing causes more problem than good. If there is an issue that has to be addressed to the top authorities then it should be channeled through right authorities. If a whistle-blower starts talking to his co-workers about some malpractices, the office environment gets effected. And also the claims of whistle-blower are not always genuine. As a result other employees get dragged into it unnecessarily and company gets involved in lawsuits. By the time the company proves its innocence it has already suffered a loss of thousands of dollars. Whistle-blower should approach the internal authority prior to externally blowing the whistle. Because sometimes the top management is not aware of the problem and employees make the situation worse by blowing the whistle. An employee has an ethical obligation to blow the whistle. It is beneficial for him to act ethically and show loyalty by not only obeying the rules and regulations of the company but also reporting genuine wrongdoings that may affect the public at large. ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES ON WHISTLE-BLOWING: DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS: For example, a company is making unsafe consumer products in order to save some money. An employee working in that organization sees this as immoral and reports the media about it. A whistle-blower would do this according to Kants duty-based ethics. Moral obligations have nothing to do with consequences. RIGHTS THEORY: Whistle-blowing is not morally required according to rights theory. Everyone has a welfare right to make income and support themselves and their family, so they cannot do this without a job. By blowing the whistle he/she may get fired so it is better to ignore any malpractices in the organization. UTILITARIANISM: Utilitarianism is based on principle to predict the consequences of an action. Utilitarianism is more clearly understood by cost-benefit analysis. Whistle-blowing has many moral venues. On one side the welfare of employees must be considered and on the other side the consumer. Utilitarian simplify whistleblowing by pleasure versus pain issue. If whistle-blowing will generate less pain than pleasure then it is a good act. If not, then it is wrong and unethical THE FORD PINTO CASE: In the Ford Pinto case it is a well-known fact that before the production of this car Ford engineers were aware of Pintos potential for catastrophe. They had a crash test at a top secret site and every test at 25mph resulted in ruptured gas tank of the car. Ford employees under the oath denied this fact and this car flooded the market for about eight years. An internal cost-benefit analysis illustrated that it was not profitable for the company to make changes sooner. Thus, they placed monetary worth on human life. Total benefit was $49.5 million and total cost was $137 million. Therefore, none of the employees blew the whistle because they had a fear of being fired from the job. ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: Prophet Mohammad PBUH said: Discussions are confidential (not subject to disclosure) except in three places: shedding unlawful blood, unlawful cohabitation and unlawful accumulation of wealth. (Abu Dawud) Prophet of Allah (P.B.U.H.) said: He who saw Munkar (wrongdoing) amongst you should prevent it with his hand, if unable to, then with his mouth (i.e. whistle blowing), if unable to, then (dislike it) in his heart and that is the least of faith. (Abu said al khudri) These sayings of Prophet Muhammad proved that whistle-blowing is also encouraged by Islam. Richard De Georges Theory of Whistleblowing The philosopher Richard DeGeorge proposed that external whistleblowing is morally permissible when three conditions are fulfilled. Whistleblowing is termed as acceptable by DeGeorge when following three conditions are met: If any product or policy cause serious harm for the general public. If an employee realizes an intense danger to the consumer of a product he or she should report it to his supervisor. Therefore manager responsible for the manufacturing of the product should be aware of its threat. If an employees immediate supervisor does not take the moral concern regarding the product into account, thus the internal chain of command has been exhausted. The firstcriteria explain the intensity of issue. The explanation of harm can be assessed in terms of physical, emotional or financial harm. The second and third criteria can be interpreted that employee tried hi level best to address via internal means. DeGeorge holds that whistleblowing becomes morally required when in addition to the previous three conditions the following two conditions are met: There is sufficient accessible documented evidence available to convince an impartial individual. The employee must have valid and strong reason that by going public, necessary changes will be brought. Moreover, benefits of whistleblowing must be worth the risks one takes and the dangers to which one is encountered. WORLDCOMS WHISTLEBLOWER Cynthia Cooper Case: In March 2002, when WorldCom was struggling tocoordinate and integrate the complex mess created by the 65 companies it had acquired, World-Coms highly respected chief financial officer,Scott Sullivan, moved $400 million from a reserve account and recorded it as income in the companys public financial reports. Alerted to this, CynthiaCooper, the perfectionist head of WorldComs internal audit department, began to secretly examinethe companys books. She  soon discovered that Scott Sullivan and David Myers, for years had publicly reported billionsof dollars as capital expenditures when they were in real the operating costs. Uncollectible receivables were ignored, and reported as  income what were reallyreserve funds, and did all this with the help of ArthurAndersen, the companys auditor and accounting firm. Though angrily threatened by Sullivan, andrisking her job and career, on June 20, 2002, Cynthia Cooper courageously met with the auditcommittee of WorldComs board of directors and   toldthem what had been going on. On June 25, World-Coms directors announced the company had  inflatedits profits by over $3.8 billion-an amount later  roseto $9 billion-is the greatest accounting fraud in history. Sullivan and Myers were arrested; WorldComs shareholders lost $3 billion; 17,000 WorldCom workers lost their jobs.It was the biggest fraud in U.S. corporate history. WorldCom declared bankruptcy in July 2002, after its stocks value had declined by $180 billion and its founder; Bernard Ebbers had left the company. CynthiaCooper was later recognized as one of the three Persons of the Year by Time Magazine. Analysis Based on Kantian Ethics Philosopher Immanuel Kant is renowned for his ethical theory which is categorized under Deontological ethics. According to his theory it can be assessed that it is the intention behind an action rather its consequences that make an action good. Deontological Moral system is based on the categorical imperative. According to Kant to act from a good will is to act from a duty. The act of Cynthia Coopers whistleblowing fits into this categorical imperative of duty to do the right thing. The sole motive of the action is report financial crime; there are no monetary gains or self-interested motives. A Kantian view justifies Cynthia Coopers whistleblowing as reporting financial crime is morallyright thing to do, thus moral obligation has nothing to do with consequences. Since Kant believed that every action has a maxim, we need to ask what would happen if the principle (maxim) of an action were a universal law (one that everyone acted on). Would a world where everyone acted on that principle be possible? If it can, then the decision to act would be morally permissible (Bowie, 1999). Therefore the proposed act of whistleblowing passes Kants test of universizability. If whistleblowing were a universal principle, all would benefit from the transparency and investor confidence would be maximized; therefore, according to Kant, the act of whistleblowing is morally permissible. Analysis based on Kohlbergs Moral theory of Development   Kohlbergs theory is useful because it helps us understand how our moral capacitiesdevelop and reveals how we may mature in our understanding of our own moralstandards. According to Kohlberg Cynthia reached the sixth stage of moral development: Universal Moral Principles Orientation. This is because at thisPost conventional stage, right  action  comes  to be defined  in terms  of moral  principles chosenbecause of their reasonableness, universality, and consistency. Cynthia believed that manipulation of financial accounts is a universal crime and therefore she reported the misconduct based on the moral principle orientation. Cynthia Cooper justified her choices on the basis of moral principles and obligations as during the interview with Times Magazine she said: There is a price to be paid. [But] it comes back to the values and ethics that you learnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..The fear of losing my job was secondary to the obligation I felt. WHISTLE BLOWING IN PAKISTAN Whistle blowing internal and external is usually not practical for employees in Pakistan because they dont posses the resources either within the firm or within the civil society. They lack strong moral beliefs, confidence, will power and commitments and are scared of the consequences. Today, media especially journalism is acting as a whistleblower to the public. The current political environment in Pakistan threatens whistle blowers in a corporation from upholding their voices against illegal practices of their organization. Employees who blow whistle are refrained from doing so and observe difficulties and barriers such as life threats, political insecurity, risk of career and family insecurity. In our country, unsafe medical practices and unethical behavior is at such a high level and widely spread that blowing a whistle to alarm the authority would be simply inaudible. Health care fraud is very common in Pakistan. False claims, patients required paying illegal fees, absence of staff and refusing to see patients in government hospitals and referring them to private clinics are violating ethical spheres. 95% of the population in Pakistan holds the view that our health sector is corrupt. The fear of been victimized, loosing the job and career, is the main concern very often trainee doctors keep quiet and do not raise their voice against their seniors. RICHARD BARLOWS CASE Richard Barlow  is an  American  intelligence analyst and a former senior member of the  Central Intelligence Agency. He lost his job and was charged of being disloyal to CIA. Barlow learned that the top US officials were allowing the sale of the F-16 fighters to Pakistan in 1989. It was against the 1985  Pressler amendment of the  Foreign Assistance Act  which prohibited the sale of any  material or armaments which might assist in the development or manufacturing of nuclear weapons. He also found that the officials were concealing this information from Congress since telling the truth would have legally obligated US government to restrain from giving military aid to Pakistan at the time when it was being provided, through Pakistan, to Afghanistan against Soviet Union. Barlow therefore blew a whistle without considering the consequences. As a result he was asked to prove himself before Congress and court. He was charged of being a traitor and an adulterer. He lost his job. It was life altering experience for him which damaged his marriage, career and left irreparable dents on his character. He is quoted as saying: They smeared my name in truly extraordinary ways that no one had ever seen before If he had been listened to, many people believe that our country would have never got its nuclear bomb. ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS KANTIAN ETHICS: Immanuel Kant is the founder of deontological ethics. He states that ethical behaviors are those which are duty oriented. A person must perform what is his duty, not whats good. The act of Richard Barlow is justified on Kantian grounds. Sacrifice of self interest for the greater interest of the society was the act performed by Barlow. LOYAL AGENT ARGUMENT: Loyal agent argument reduces an employee from being human to just being an organ of the organization. Loyalty does not imply that we have a duty to refrain from reporting the immoral actions of those to who we are loyal. An employer who is acting unethical is not acting in his own best interests and an employee is not acting disloyally in blowing the whistle. LEGAL PROTECTION TO WHISTLE BLOWERS One of the early laws that protected whistleblowers was the 1863 United States  False Claims Act  (revised in 1986), which tried to counter fraud by the US government during the  Civil War. Under the 1st and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, state and local government bureaucrats are prohibited from opposing whistleblowers. Boards like Civil Service Reform Act are created Whistle blowing has gone high tech; therefore steps are taken to ensure safety of them. There are different websites available which guide employees on ethical issues like national whistle blowing centre(NWC) Federal (equal employment opportunity) laws also have protection provisions for whistle blowers. If you observe a  prohibited discrimination  against employees you may report the concerned authorities. Consumer Rights Commission of Pakistan has stated the unavailability of protection to whistle blowers and lack of transparency as the major causes of corruption in our state. Therefore, it has created an interface in the form of Freedom of Information Bill 2008. Summarizing: Whistleblowers not only provide the initial stimulus for improving organization efficiency and effectiveness, but also they are often the source of solutions to organization problems (Miceli et al., 1991). Whistle blower observes a dilemma between serving as a loyal agent and preventing social harm. This implies that he should reconcile his own interest with the general interest of the organization. Utilitarian considerations therefore cannot furnish a definitive guide in this context. Whistle blowing must be institutionalized. This means that there must be a set of procedures for employees to report the fraud internally before they raise the matter in the outside world

In The Camps Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

In the Camps Concentration camp is a term that stirs up many emotions. How did they come about? What were they exactly? And just what went on inside those walls? Many have tried to give a full description of what life in the camps was like. With toady’s fast moving and knowledgeable media the public has become very informed on the subject at hand. The fact still remains that few were there, so few can know what really happened. These three poignant questions posed above could each take eternity to fully understand. This is a short explanation of the atrocities that the Nazi’s handed out to the innocent victims of the Holocaust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How exactly did concentration and extermination camps come about, legally speaking? On first glance it seems that in toady’s modern and civil world that nothing of this nature could ever happen. In fact it happened due to article 48, paragraph 2 in the German Constitution. Here the president is given far reaching emergency powers. This article was used by Paul von Hindenburg in 1933 giving protective custody to protect the state’s security. From there in momentum gained. On April 12, 1934 an edict from the Ministry of the Interior was introduced governing protective custody grounds for establishment of camps. This edict also decreed that those sent to concentration camps were under the rule of the Gestapo and their release was indicative to the discretion of this secret service.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power is a strange phenomena. Once the Gestapo had legal rights to cruelty the act of playing God became easier to abuse. Terrence Des Pres explains this best by stating: â€Å"As power grows, it grows more and more hostile to everything outside itself. Its logic is inherently negative, which is why it ends by destroying itself. . . The exercise of totalitarian power, in any case, does not stop with the demand of outward compliance. It seeks, further, to crush the spirit, to obliterate that active inward principle whose strength depends on its freedom from entire determination by external forces. And thus the compulsion, felt by men with great power, to seek out and destroy all resistance, all spiritual autonomy, all sign of dignity in those held captive. . .The death of the soul was aimed at.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This verifies the purpose of these camps as given by Bruno Bettleheim. He ... ... Press, 1994. Levi, Primo. The Drowned and the Saved. excerpt on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.spectacle.org/695/clothes.html. Orenstein, Henry. I Shall Live: Surviving Against all Odds. New York: Beaufort Books,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1987. â€Å"Auschwitz and Birkenau.† on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. â€Å"Pincus at Auschwitz.† Accounts obtained through: South Carolina Voices: Lessons from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Holocaust.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html. â€Å"Rudy at Auschwitz.† Accounts obtained through: South Carolina Voices: Lessons from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Holocaust. on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html. â€Å"Zyklon-B.† on-line. available from http://www.spectacle.org/695/zyklonb.html. on-line. available from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. on-line. available from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/concentration.html. In The Camps Essay examples -- essays research papers fc In the Camps Concentration camp is a term that stirs up many emotions. How did they come about? What were they exactly? And just what went on inside those walls? Many have tried to give a full description of what life in the camps was like. With toady’s fast moving and knowledgeable media the public has become very informed on the subject at hand. The fact still remains that few were there, so few can know what really happened. These three poignant questions posed above could each take eternity to fully understand. This is a short explanation of the atrocities that the Nazi’s handed out to the innocent victims of the Holocaust.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How exactly did concentration and extermination camps come about, legally speaking? On first glance it seems that in toady’s modern and civil world that nothing of this nature could ever happen. In fact it happened due to article 48, paragraph 2 in the German Constitution. Here the president is given far reaching emergency powers. This article was used by Paul von Hindenburg in 1933 giving protective custody to protect the state’s security. From there in momentum gained. On April 12, 1934 an edict from the Ministry of the Interior was introduced governing protective custody grounds for establishment of camps. This edict also decreed that those sent to concentration camps were under the rule of the Gestapo and their release was indicative to the discretion of this secret service.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Power is a strange phenomena. Once the Gestapo had legal rights to cruelty the act of playing God became easier to abuse. Terrence Des Pres explains this best by stating: â€Å"As power grows, it grows more and more hostile to everything outside itself. Its logic is inherently negative, which is why it ends by destroying itself. . . The exercise of totalitarian power, in any case, does not stop with the demand of outward compliance. It seeks, further, to crush the spirit, to obliterate that active inward principle whose strength depends on its freedom from entire determination by external forces. And thus the compulsion, felt by men with great power, to seek out and destroy all resistance, all spiritual autonomy, all sign of dignity in those held captive. . .The death of the soul was aimed at.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This verifies the purpose of these camps as given by Bruno Bettleheim. He ... ... Press, 1994. Levi, Primo. The Drowned and the Saved. excerpt on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.spectacle.org/695/clothes.html. Orenstein, Henry. I Shall Live: Surviving Against all Odds. New York: Beaufort Books,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1987. â€Å"Auschwitz and Birkenau.† on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. â€Å"Pincus at Auschwitz.† Accounts obtained through: South Carolina Voices: Lessons from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Holocaust.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html. â€Å"Rudy at Auschwitz.† Accounts obtained through: South Carolina Voices: Lessons from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Holocaust. on-line. available from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://library.advanced.org/12663/survivors/witness.html. â€Å"Zyklon-B.† on-line. available from http://www.spectacle.org/695/zyklonb.html. on-line. available from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/auschwitz.html. on-line. available from http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/7071/concentration.html.

Three Kingdom Essay

Analyse the significance during the Three Kingdoms reign in China. The Three Kingdom period consists of the Kingdom of Wei, Kingdom of Shu and Kingdom of Wu. As a single dynasty, the Three Kingdoms Period originated in 220 AD when the Kingdom of Wei replaced the Eastern Han Dynasty which took place in 25 AD-220 AD. The Three Kingdom dynasty ended at 280 AD when the Kingdom of Wu was defeated by the Court of Jin. It is considered to be a special historical period full of power struggles and sophisticated military strategies, which some methods are still used today in modern warfare.Much can be said to justify their significance during their existence and their affects towards China during their reign. Religion would be one of the factors that contributed in China throughout this period. Buddhism had already arrived in China in the mid of Han Dynasty and brought up of its first congregation in southern China at the court of Prince of Chu. Buddhism was originally introduced in China wit h the development of the Silk Road when monks travelled with merchants.There was a need amongst the population for a belief with spiritual meanings. Hence, Buddhism took roots in China during this era. This religion was unique from other religions during the time. This new religion covered all people rich or poor, Chinese or not. Buddhist temples were constructed within the three kingdoms and thus millions of Chinese converted into Buddhism and which affected China greatly. Majority of the population in China were Buddhists. Till this day, Buddhism is recognised greatly.Architecture found new challenges in the construction of Buddhist pagodas and temples and in the monastery grottoes in the north. The Yungang cave temples are evident that Temples existed and were built during the Three Kingdoms reign. Archaeologist proved that these temples were built during the time because of the unearthed relics found on the site of these temples which dated back to the Three Kingdom period. The economy during the reign of these three kingdoms, chaos caused by war between these countries damaged the economic development of the three kingdoms.In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, also due to natural disasters, the economy was badly depressed, leading to the massive waste of farmland. Because of the collapse of the imperial court, newly minted coins never made their way into currency. Those worn copper coins were not melted and reminted and many privately minted coins appeared. Due to the collapse of the currency, China officially declared silk cloth and grains as their main currencies in 221 AD. The significance of status was well reflected during the three kingdoms.Status affected China greatly in the Southern Kingdom. They established a civil service system based on social ranks to determine the value of a person to contribute to the prosperity of the Wei. However, this system failed since the social status of a person and family affiliations would be unfair for those with a hi gher status, as they are more advantaged to those who are in a lower class than them, such as commoners and slaves. Aristocrats would marry only within their social rank or higher and gained large estates and financial wealth.Thus categorizing Chinese civilians into socio status in either rich or poor. Nobles were given high salaries and were excluded from paying taxes. However, because these rich families can afford education, literature, painting, poetry and culture, these practices became popular which helped their economy rise. The northern Kingdom improved Chinese culture and introduced strict reforms which strengthened the Chinese empire. The emperor of China had many officials and advisors which adapted a unifying Chinese style for clothes and accessories, interior designs, landscaping and even cuisine.One of the major significance that affected China was that it was the first Kingdoms to adopt traditional Chinese as the official language. This affected China immensely as Chi na had now adapted to its own official language which is still spoken today. Despite some of the negative impact of China’s economy, there were many significant advances on technology and science such as high level of military strategies with the invention of gunpowder for fireworks and gun. Smelting and metal works also became popular and was improved greatly during this period as armies were more gained more power.Improvements in other social factors were also significant such as the invention of the wind mill for irrigation, silk developments in Luoyang and Henan and Shu Kingdom’s irrigation and canal system. Machines were also constructed for food processing and transport. Brewing also became more refined because of the advances of food processors. Although crossbows had been in use for hundreds of years before this time, its design and model during this era is unknown. The crossbow used during this time period is more likely used in large group of marksmen deploye d to fire waves of bolts onto enemies from afar.The crossbow itself has superior range than normal bows. Thus it becomes more commonly used like an artillery purpose than sniping. Crossbows have been in use in China since the Zhou dynasty over 700 year earlier. In the later years, the great strategist and inventor Zhuge Liang had devised a more complicated platform. A multiple bolt firing crossbow and a semi-automatic crossbow was created to be used as an anti-personnel weapon. In terms of population the Wei was by far the strongest, retaining more than 660,000 households and 4,400,000 people within its borders.Shu had a population of 940,000, and Wu 2,300,000. Thus, Wei had more than 58% of the population and around 40% of territory. With these resources, it is estimated that it could raise an army of 400,000 whilst Shu and Wu could manage 100,000 and 230,000 respectively: roughly 10% of their registered populations. The Wu-Shu alliance against the Wei proved itself to be a militar ily stable configuration; this affected China for more than forty years as the population was unchanging during the time.In conclusive, the significance of the Three Kingdoms reign resulted in China’s technological advances like weaponry and the invention of the windmill which are evident through secondary sources. Religion also affected China during the Three Kingdom period as it was greatly recognised throughout China which is evident through archaeological structures like the temples that were built. Christina Lam Ung BIBLIOGRAPHY Hucker, C 1975, China’s Imperial Past, Stanford University Press http://www. chinapage. com/calligraphy/sushi/shu. html http://www. historyforkids. rg/learn/china/architecture/3kingdomsarchitecture. htm http://threekingdoms. com/ http://polaris. gseis. ucla. edu/yanglu/ECC_HISTORY_THREE%20KINGDOMS. htm http://www. buddhanet. net/e-learning/buddhistworld/china-txt. htm http://www. history-of-china. com/three-kingdoms/ http://www. chinaknowl edge. de/History/Division/jin-arts. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Records_of_the_Three_Kingdoms http://polaris. gseis. ucla. edu/yanglu/ECC_HISTORY_THREE%20KINGDOMS. htm http://www. chinavoc. com/history/threeking. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Empty_Fort_Strategy

Social Paradigms Essays - Criminology, Aesthetics, Consensus Reality

Social Paradigms Essays - Criminology, Aesthetics, Consensus Reality Social Paradigms Grade Received on Report : 89% In the following paper I will relate the concept of school to the three sociological paradigms of structural- function, social conflict, and symbolic interactions. The first paradigm that I will relate to school is the structural-function paradigm. The main manifest function of school is for the advancement of knowledge, leading to better jobs and money. School also has many latent effects including: social relationships, team competition in both sports and academic events, and personal academic advancement. All of which will be used in our adult life. Analysis of social conflict should start by pointing out that people coming from a family of a high wealth level will in most cases have a higher education at adulthood. One example of this is our own Chicago Public school system. Well to do families that live in the Chicago Public School System will, with out thought, send there children to a well-funded, safe school as opposed to the gang infested inner-city schools where students are asked to learn instead of expected. One of the many reasons for a demise of the Chicago public school system would be in the great difference of income from the public housing to wealthy north side apartments so easily visible from public housing. Lets now look at symbolic interaction in schools. With all schools even though all students attend the same curriculum under the same roof you will not find two student that are alike. You can find freshmen that on there first day of high school know exactly what they want to do and which university they will be attending, to the senior that has no clue on what he wants to do. Although these points only scratch the surface the sociological paradigms and schools, the most visible problem with education in our country is the great difference from inner-city schools from private schools. While some middle-class and upper-class families have the choice for there children?s education most inner-city families don?t have the luxury of sending there child to a prestigious private school for $7000 a year.

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Book Review

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Book Review The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Book Review Example The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Book Review Example All people perceive the external reality from their subjective perspective, as the impact of culture, worldview, and traditions are always implicitly present. It is especially applicable to the representatives of the dominant Western culture. People tend to assume that their worldview is necessarily correct if they enjoy high standards of living and are â€Å"civilized† according to some widespread criteria. This position becomes clear when the interaction and cooperation of Western people with the members of the minority ethnic groups is examined. This paper is a book review of The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures (1997) by Anne Fadiman. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures (1997) by Anne Fadiman This book is unique as it integrates a large number of social and cultural issues while examining the story of a girl with epilepsy. It demonstrates how the same events and processes are evaluated differently by the representatives of different cultures. The author does not impose her views on the readers and allows them to make their conclusions and interpretations. The review will concentrate on several levels of analysis: The first one refers to the story of Lia Lee presented in the book. The second one is the underlying assumptions present in American and Hmong cultures. The third one is a possibility of mutually beneficial cooperation of two different cultures and the principles that should be followed to enable it. The book seems to provide a coherent philosophical system that can be extended and applied to a large number of social issues. Author’s Credentials The author of the discussed book is Anne Fadiman, a freelance journalist and the editor of The American Scholar (Konner, 1997). Fadiman is a well-recognized expert in her field. She specializes on the multi-cultural studies and the most urgent problems of the society. Therefore, the author provides reliable analysis of the situation and related issues as well as clarifies the scope of complementary problems that should be addressed in the near future, both by individuals and nations in general. Summary of the Book It is reasonable to present briefly the major episodes and characteristics of the book under analysis. It centers on the life of Lia Lee (Fadiman, 2012). The problem comes from the fact that she is diagnosed with the strong form of epilepsy. However, the traditional Hmong culture perceives this issue differently in comparison with American one. As a result, the conflicts of cultures occur, and Lia Lee’s health tends to deteriorate. Lia’s family members consider that her illness makes her special, and she could even become a â€Å"shaman†. When they realize that her state of health is very problematic, they begin using the methods that are widespread among Hmong culture. They try to call back her soul and optimize her internal mental state in this way. However, these methods are inefficient as they do not address the essence of epilepsy symptoms. Lia’s doctors who advocate the Western lifestyle and worldview adopt a pure rationalist position (Fadiman, 2012). They neglect the traditional views of Hmong culture as they consider them as being irrational and irrelevant. Although the doctors are motivated to provide the high-quality care, their neglect to cultural issues leads to new problems. In particular, the diagnosis is not formulated precisely and correctly from the very beginning due to the absence of interpreters. However, even when the diagnosis is specified, the doctors are unable to enforce the needed treatment as Lia’s family members do not share doctors’ principles and are unable to follow all the requirements. They are mostly concerned with the negative side effects and do not believe that doctors’ interventions could be efficient and lead to the desired results. All these factors have contributed to the situation when her mental state starts to deteriorate. Jeanine Hilt, a social worker, proposes the way to organize the medication process which will allow her family to be reunited. However, the situation has not changed radically, and her brain dies. The doctors suggest that she will probably die in the near future. Her family take her home, and she is able to survive for the next twenty-six years. Although her mental state is very difficult and problematic, the care and attention of her family contribute to the positive results. Moreover, the Western doctors consider such impressive results to be impossible. The Hmong follow their rituals, and they help to improve the mental state of Lia even though it is difficult to explain from the perspective of the traditional medicine. Author’s Thesis Fadiman states that all cultures have their strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, every country can generate better outcomes for some categories of people. Therefore, it is important to respect all cultures and select the treatment strategy in accordance with the patient’s cultural beliefs and worldview (Fadiman, 2012). If the high level of cultural competence is achieved, the positive results may follow. It is also incorrect to evaluate the essence and implications of other cultures from the perspective of one’s culture. Criticisms In general, the author presents the story persuasively and provides a number of explicit and implicit arguments in favor of her thesis. Fadiman realizes that the conflicts of cultures and corresponding implications are very widespread nowadays. For this reason, she presents her story not as a unique case from the life of Hmong girl but as an illustration of one of the most serious social problems and concerns of the 20th and 21st centuries. Fadiman presents her story quite objectively as it shows how the same events are interpreted differently by different parties. It seems that both Hmong people and doctors realize that Lia has serious problems. At the same time, their interpretation of her mental state is different. Doctors realize that epilepsy is a very dangerous disorder that should be treated immediately. However, Hmong people do not consider epilepsy to be an exclusively negative event. Many such special people were chosen to be â€Å"shamans,† as their qualities were d ifferent in comparison with others. Fadiman states, â€Å"although the Hmong believe that illness can be caused by a variety of sources †¦ the most common cause of human illness is soul loss† (Fadiman, 2012, p. 10). For this reason, the Hmong orient to the person’s internal world and beliefs rather than any physical symptoms. The author presents these different interpretations without imposing her views on readers and allowing them to make their suggestions about the future course of events. The differences between both cultures become even more severe when they try to deal with the symptoms of epilepsy. It seems that the following two characteristics are evident in this context: First, every culture believes that its approach is effective and can improve the situation. Second, every culture neglects the prescriptions and suggestions of other cultures completely. People even do not try to comprehend the justification and arguments delivered by the representatives of other cultures. Neither doctors nor Hmong people make any steps in the direction of understanding the underlying causes and motivations by the representatives of other cultures. This issue may demonstrate the existing problems in the U.S. healthcare industry. As American doctors are â€Å"civilized† and follow the most developed and reliable practices, they are supposed to act according to cultural competence considerations. However, the positions of other cultures are considered as being irrational, and doctors do not pay any attention to Hmong’s attitude towards their prescriptions. It seems that the author deliberately demonstrates the attitudes of American doctors in all details to stress that the fact of being â€Å"civilized† does not mean that the desired results will be achieved automatically. As any treatment process necessarily presupposes the active collaboration of different individuals including patients, positive results may be achieved only if the proper coordination between all parties is established. If all parties try to impose their understanding on others, the treatment process is negatively affected. Although Fadiman presents the story objectively, it is evident that she evaluates the traditional Hmong culture positively. She has comprehended that it is also meaningful, and it should not be rejected from the very beginning. The author demonstrates that even Chinese people perceived the Hmong highly negatively. She states that â€Å"the Chinese called the Hmong the Miao or Meo which means †¦ â€Å"barabarians†, â€Å"bumpkins†, etc.† (Fadiman, 2012, p. 14). However, it seems that the author does not agree with such an attitude as she writes that â€Å"it was an insult† (Fadiman, 2012, p. 14). In the U.S., this attitude has become even more widespread. All Hmong rituals are considered as being irrational, and both the doctors and the public in general do not desire to comprehend the hidden meaning of Hmong actions. It seems that the author implicitly stresses the differences between the underlying assumptions regarding American and Hmong cultures. The American culture is mostly individually-oriented. Each social member is responsible for his/her life and choices. It has a number of implications for the treatment process: First, it is assumed that everyone is motivated to improve one’s health. Therefore, American doctors appear to be absolutely unprepared to Lia’s hesitations and the absence of any support from her family. Second, the American doctors believe that medicine will have a specific and predetermined influence on individuals. As they deal with the patients who share Western principles, they understand the patterns of this influence and consider it to be equally applicable to all social members without any exception. The author shows that the Hmong culture adopts a very different perspective on examining the external world. This culture is more collectively-oriented, but it is still very different from other collectivist cultures such as the Chinese one. The Hmong suggest that they should help each other especially when the soul of one of their members is in danger. They have developed a set of rituals that can lead to the desired results, i.e. may improve the mental state of a given person. It seems that the positive effect is achieved due to the combination of several factors: First, all Hmong people share this belief and they are absolutely certain that it will help a person in need. Second, all their rituals are implemented in the atmosphere of love and support. This psychological climate is highly important for all individuals especially those who experience serious mental problems. The author explains that without additional efforts, both cultures will evaluate the situation from their perspectives without taking into consideration the positions of each other. It leads to even further misunderstanding and a higher possibility of social conflicts. Moreover, all parties are mostly oriented to addressing the opposite views of each other rather than assisting the person in need. The author shows that under the conditions of such a mutual misunderstanding the methods adopted by the culture that is closer to a given patient prove to be more effective. It is important to make a patient an active participant of the treatment process. Only in this way the results can be positive. If the interests of the medical personnel and a patient are antagonistic, even the most reliable medicine cannot generate the improvement of the patient’s physical and mental state. The neglect of American doctors to Lia’s beliefs and Hmong traditions has contributed to the situat ion when her mental and physical state has become critical. Despite the existing problems, it seems that the author admits the possibility of a mutually beneficial cooperation between the representatives of different cultures in the future. Although the underlying assumptions of cultures and their orientation to individualist or collectivist principles cannot be changed by any external force, it is possible to promote tolerance among people and respect to the culture and traditions of others. Fadiman reports the thoughts of the anthropologist Eric Crystal who states, â€Å"How extraordinary it was to hear the Hmong language spoken †¦ on J Street,† although previously it was impossible (Fadiman, 2012, p. 228). Thus, the author appreciates the diversity of languages and cultures and considers it to be highly important for the development of the modern civilization in general. It seems that the attentive readers can come to similar conclusions. The reason is that when people face different alternatives, it is more likely that they will make the correct choice. Moreover, even if the majority of cultures are not highly open to transformations, they still experience the influence of other positions and worldviews. All cultures affect one another, and people also represent the mixture of cultures rather than the only one. It seems that the author encourages the readers to become more responsible and orient not only to their narrow interests but to those of other social members and the society in general. The overall principles of justice seem to be simple: First, people should respect the views of others as other people can also be correct in some issues. Second, in case of disagreement, only persuasion can be used, while any forms of aggression (both physical and mental) are inadmissible. The author presents her views very effectively as she concentrates on the objective facts related to Lia’s life. Fadiman demonstrates how various measures taken by American doctors do not lead to the expected results. At the same time, the non-scientific approach adopted by Hmong people appears to be more successful and effective in the long run. Although the readers can make their own conclusions, the objective facts show that positive results can be achieved only if the interests of a given patient are considered. Even the dominant culture should not adopt its world perception of specific individuals as it is both unethical and incorrect. One of the necessary prerequisites of the tolerant attitude to the representatives of other cultures is adopting an honest and objective perception of reality. For example, the author states, â€Å"the most frequent accusation I heard was that the Hmong were terrible drivers† (Fadiman, 2012, p. 241). It is evident that Americans had a negative perception of Hmong people due to the existing cultural differences. However, they do not explain their reasoning fairly and tend to create some irrelevant claims to support their already formulated position towards Hmong people. In such cases, it is evident that the problem is not in other social members but in the people who are unwilling to accept the diversity of cultures and the contrasting opinions. In the modern democratic world, people tend to believe that that their position is correct if they belong to the majority group. However, the fact of belonging to the majority does not mean that one’s position is correct. Fadiman concentrates on people’s individual responsibility and implicitly advises to evaluate all cases objectively and be ready to accept the highest level of responsibility regarding the future development of the society. It may be concluded that Fadiman’s book provides a unique foundation for considering the major inter-cultural problems and challenges of the 20th and 21st century. On the one hand, the ideas of mutual tolerance are cultivated actively, and a large number of people claim to support them. On the other hand, at the stage of the actual implementation of these ideas, numerous problems emerge. People do not tend to accept other cultures or consider them to be a priori inferior in comparison with theirs. It creates numerous hidden problems and may lead to the social isolation of several individuals. The case of Lia Lee shows that health-related issues are also highly sensitive to cultural perceptions. Thus, the narrow implication of the book is a need for becoming more culturally competent by modern doctors and practitioners. However, the broader implication refers to all social members without any exception. All people should realize that they are the members of the global society. Thus, the needs and concerns of other people are also their personal responsibility. However, the mere positive intentions are insufficient in this context as it is important to be aware of the major cultural characteristics of other people and make the decisions that correspond to their cultural perceptions. Only in this way the desired changes and the social progress can be achieved. The reviewer recommends the book by Anne Fadiman as the major work for understanding the existing cultural challenges and the ways for overcoming them. This book may be reread several times in order to comprehend all h idden messages and meanings. In any case, it is highly relevant nowadays for the members of all social groups and citizens of the global community.

New UK GAAP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

New UK GAAP - Assignment Example The need for a global reporting standard has gained more importance for small and medium sized organizations where the accountability of managers towards the investors are generally less transparent compared to large multi-national companies. Over the years such transparency might lead to mistrust between the owners and the managers leading to an Agency problem. Even though the advantage of general sets of international reporting standards are acknowledged, there are a certain implementation challenges at the international and domestic level if the objective of a harmonised and enhanced reporting structure is to be achieved. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Global Reporting Standards 4 Importance of Accounting Standards Bodies 6 Harmonization of Reporting Standards in Recent Times 7 Conclusion 8 References 10 Bibliography 11 Introduction A considerable amount of countries and entities around the globe have adopted IFRS (Internationa l Financial Reporting Standards) as the base for financial reporting with the means and objective to enhance the value of information on corporate performance. In the year 2010, a potential new framework proposed by the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) to replace current Irish and UK GAAP has revised the original proposal and released 3 new drafts Application of Financial Reporting Requirements FRS 100, 101, 102, etc. ... ts to FRS 102 (FRED 48) which was issued on October 2012 restricted the proposed scope and amendments relating to accounting of service concession arrangements and multi-employer pensions. In addition, FRED 48 also contains proposed comprehensive accounting standards based on IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities. Even though the advantage of general sets of international reporting standards are acknowledged, there are a certain operational challenges at the international and domestic level if the objective of a harmonised and enhanced reporting structure is to be achieved (FRC, 2013, pp.3-12). Advantages and Disadvantages of Global Reporting Standards The need for a global reporting standard has gained more importance for small and medium sized organizations where the accountability of managers towards the investors are generally less transparent compared to large multi-national companies. Over times such transparency might lead to mistrust between the owners and the managers lea ding to an Agency problem. The implication of non-transparent reporting can be better understood when one analyzes the global financial crisis of 2008. A vigilant scrutiny of the financial crisis reveals an underestimation of the risk associated with financial instruments (such as Mortgage based securities), that led to inflated expectations ultimately triggering global financial crisis. This underestimation of risk perception of the investors was primarily motivated from the improper financial reporting of entities. Hence, an establishment of suitable reporting standards for accounting along with suitable disclosures in the financial statements has become a challenging task (Kurz, 2004, pp.1-5). The industries have experienced some tremendous changes in terms of financial reporting and

Essay on lapham's paper FIGURES OF SPEECH Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

On lapham's paper FIGURES OF SPEECH - Essay Example Some of these structures are extremely itemized, making inquiries that oblige data from once in a while got to memory banks. Why does a specialist pose these questions? The specialist is attempting to build a precise picture of your state of wellbeing. Your wellbeing is intensely affected by the past. Your heredity, past practices, past encounters is exceptionally paramount determinants and pieces of information to your current condition. At whatever point you come back to the specialist, he or she hauls out a record which holds all the notes from past visits. This record is a history of your wellbeing. Lapham see plainly that the past matters because this is one of the motivations behind why history is exceptionally vital. Lapham asserts that writing is very significant in learning. He argues that our mind, thoughts and considerations exist in shorthand or schematic structure. Until we illuminate those considerations in their intelligent and syntactic connections. What term could be an exact equivalent word for that idea?), we can undoubtedly miss imperative refinements and associations in knowledge acquisition. Scholars can come to distinguish what they dont yet comprehend when they understand that theyre striving to compose a concise synopsis, and this can help them to bring valuable inquiries up in class. Information technology is progressively influencing our lives in a way which has gotten mundane. The year 2000 has in length been depicted by researchers and storytellers as a time of whats to come, where engineering and innovation might encroach upon our lives significantly more than we could ever have envisioned. As we remained very nearly the new thousand years, this period of electronic enhancement appears to have sneaked up on us without our being completely mindful of any material change. In addition, Lapham argues that â€Å"technology has caused major revolutions in